Jo Mar 9, 2023
Koryo Songgyungwan was the supreme educational institution for training feudal government officials in Koryo.
“Songgyungwan” means “educational institution”.
In 992, Koryo feudal state established the supreme educational institution called Kukjagam. In 1298, it was renamed Songgyungam, and in 1308, it was given the name Songgyungwan. In 1356, it was given back the former name Kukjagam, and in 1362, it was named Songgyungwan again.
In those days, Songgyungwan admitted the offspring of aristocrats to teach Confucianism, and people of lower classes and commoners to teach handwriting, arithmetic, law, etc.
Years of learning depended on the subjects ― usually one to three years. Songgyungwan had competent scholars possessed of profound knowledge to give education on a number of subjects as well as tens of school buildings and welfare facilities.
Noting that Songgyungwan was the supreme educational establishment of Koryo feudal state, President
It is a great pride of the Korean nation to have the world’s oldest university with a history of 1 000 years.
Kim Son Yong, researcher at the Academy of Social Sciences
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Jo Feb 11, 2023
“Samgukyusa” (History of the Three Kingdoms), together with “Samguksagi” (Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms), is known as the oldest historical book of all existing national classical legacies.
It was written by a Buddhist monk Il Yon (1206―1289) at the end of the thirteenth century. The histories of Koryo and other ancient states in our country with the main focus on the history of the period of the Three Kingdoms (Koguryo, Paekje and Silla), and the episodes of well-known monks are recorded in the style of unofficial history.
It is in five volumes and nine parts.
At the beginning of Volume 1 is “Wangryok”, a chronological table of dynasties of the Three Kingdoms and Karakguk. The rest of Volume 1, and Volume 2 have 36 articles from every king’s ruling period of Silla and other states after Ancient Korea and 23 articles from Later Silla, Later Paekje and Karakguk.
Volume 3 to Volume 5 mainly deal with Buddhist monks who contributed to the spread of Buddhism, other celebrated monks, towers, Buddhist statues and bells erected on famous mountains and at temples.
The book also contains poems and songs including 14 pieces of old Korean folksongs (native songs pronounced in Chinese characters), tales, history of old names of places, buildings and ways of life and other valuable data in every field including literature, fine art, sculpture, language, geography, folk customs, etc.
Therefore, it reveals some historical limitations. However, for its rich and precious content that cannot be found in other historical books, it is indispensable for research into the history and culture of our country.
Kim Chol Ryong, researcher at the Academy of Social Sciences
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Jo Feb 8, 2023
Ullim Falls is situated six kilometres east of Tonghung-ri, Chonnae County, Kangwon Province, and about ten kilometres north-east of Ryongpho Revolutionary Site in Poptong County.
75 metres in height, it is one of the most famous waterfalls in our country.
The name Ullim (literally echo) Falls means that the sound of the magnificent waterfall resounds far away across the whole valley.
Around the falls rise high mountain peaks one after another, whose feet are sword-shaped cliffs.
There are several facilities such as a sightseeing road, a bridge, an outdoor eating place, a car park, etc.
The magnificent view of Ullim Falls adds ardent love for the beautiful landscape of our motherland.
Sin Kwang Il, researcher at the Academy of Social Sciences
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Jo Feb 3, 2023
The monument to Mausoleum of King Kwanggaetho is a stone monument erected in 414 by his son, King Jangsu (25th king), in praise of the meritorious deeds of King Kwanggaetho, 24th king of Koguryo (ruling period: ３9１－４１２). The mausoleum is located 6 kilometres north-east of Kungnae Walled City (Jian City, Jilin Province), the second capital of Koguryo.
The monument is made up of a body stone and a stone pedestal. On the four sides of the smoothly processed body are drawn lines vertically and horizontally where letters are inscribed clearly. Only 1 530 of the letters written vertically in 44 lines are recognizable.
The words on the monument are largely divided into three parts.
The first part covers from the legend of the founder of Koguryo to the enthronement and demise of King Kwanggaetho. The second part deals in detail with the meritorious deeds of extending the territory of Koguryo performed by King Kwanggaetho. The third part regulates the number limit of mausoleum guards and the rules they had to follow.
The monument reflects the struggle and desire of Koguryo people for the unification of the three kingdoms. It also has a lot of valuable information that is not found in documentary records of political, social and economic situations of Koguryo, class relations, and relations with Silla, Paekje and Japan, etc. of that time.
The letters are written in a peculiar font, Yeso. The majestic and vigorous font demonstrates the lively and vigorous spirit of Koguryo people.
The monument gives an account of the vastness of the territory and the might of Koguryo, the eastern power. For its magnificence (longest and biggest of all grave stones made by our ancestors) and rich content, it proves to be precious cultural inheritance of our nation and important material for historical research.
Kim Son Yong, researcher at the Academy of Social Sciences
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Jo Jan 8, 2023
The site of Anhak Palace, a royal palace of Koguryo, covers a large area of Anhak-dong, Taesong District, Pyongyang City.
It was built when the capital of Koguryo moved from present-day Jian, Jilin to Pyongyang. Anhak Palace was for normal times, while Fort on Mt. Taesong was for emergency.
The palace site is surrounded by earthen castle walls. Each side of the square castle is 622 meters. The area of the site is as large as about 380 000㎡. In the castle, 52 palaces stand with the eaves facing one another on the total floor space of 31 458㎡.
A moat was dug outside around the walls of the castle to reinforce the defence. There were three castle gates on the southern wall and one on the eastern, western and northern walls each.
The palaces in the castle were disposed along the north-south central axis.
The palaces constituted five architectural groups ― outer palace, inner palace, bedchamber palace, eastern palace and western palace.
The outer palace was for great state ceremonies and the inner palace was for ordinary state affairs. The bedchamber palace was the king’s dwelling place.
The eastern palace was the Crown prince’s palace, and in the western palace were people serving in the palace and administration facilities. In the palace castle were laid out ponds in various sizes and gardens with artificial slopes. The site of Anhak Palace gives us a glimpse into the excellent architecture of that time. Such system of Koguryo’s royal palaces was introduced into Paekje and Silla, the countries of the same blood, and the later feudal royal palaces of our country.
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Jo Jan 4, 2023
Hansan Great Victory, Jinju Great Victory and Haengju Great Victory, the major great victories won in the battles against Japanese invaders during the Imjin Patriotic War, are called Imjin 3 Great Victories.
Hansan Great Victory
In July, 1592, Admiral Ri Sun Sin in command of Jollado naval force decoyed 73 enemy ships in Kyonnaeryang in the southern sea of Kyongsang Province to the sea off Hansan Island with the tactics of allurement and encirclement. There, they annihilated 59 enemy ships and thousands of enemy soldiers.
Jinju Great Victory
In October, 1592, the warriors and people in Jinju Fort repelled the attack of Japanese invaders mercilessly under the command of Kim Si Min, thus defending the fort successfully.
Haengju Great Victory
In February, 1593, the defending warriors and women in the fort on Mt. Haengju achieved a great victory under the command of Kwon Ryul by fighting bravely to repulse the attack of ten times as many Japanese invaders.
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