Jo Nov 6, 2025
The high-pressure common-rail fuel injection system starts and finishes fuel injection by the high-speed solenoid valve of the pilot injector, and eliminates anomalous injection caused by pressure fluctuations and the breakdown of pumps caused by high injection pressure during high-speed flow in large quantity. In addition, it achieves stable injection at relatively high injection pressure in different situations. It can also improve diesel combustion and performance, reduce NOx in the exhaust gas emissions and diesel engine noise, and improve cold start performance and exhaust gas emission.
The fuel injection of a common-rail system is performed by the electrical signal of the high-speed solenoid valve. In other words, the high-speed solenoid valve determines the start, finish and quantity of fuel injection.
Therefore, researchers involved in the development of high-pressure common-rail systems in many countries have paid great attention to high-speed solenoid valves.
Ri Tong Hyon, a researcher at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, has built a mathematical model of the high-speed response solenoid valve for a common-rail injector, investigated the influence of various parameters on the dynamic response of the high-speed response solenoid valve, and determined the optimum parameters.
In other words, he has investigated the effects of the inner and outer diameters of the stator outer core, the number of windings turns, the suction current, the outer diameter, thickness and inclination angle of the armature, the drive voltage, the spring preload, the elastic coefficient and the eddy current on the response characteristics of solenoid valves, and determined the optimum structural parameters and structural design.
As a result, he has managed to accurately calculate the dynamic response characteristics of a high-speed solenoid valve in the mixture of various fields.
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Jo Nov 4, 2025
Accurately estimating ship emissions inventories in port areas provides scientific assurance for the building of green ports.
Ship emissions inventories using automated identification system (AIS) data are widely used to predict and estimate ship pollutant emissions in the seas and rivers for their high spatiotemporal resolution, but they still have considerable uncertainties.
Over the past decade, many studies have focused on addressing these uncertainties, and improving the accuracy of ship emissions inventories has constantly been a hot issue. The most notable sources of uncertainty in the ship emissions inventories using AIS data are the uncertainties related to model input data, prediction of propulsion power, emission factor and fuel information.
Yun Un Hyok, a section head at the Faculty of Shipbuilding and Ocean Engineering, has proposed an improved load-factor-based power model considering the impact of hull shape on the ship’s resistance, and applied it to the estimation of ship pollutant emissions in a certain port area.
The total ship emissions estimated using the proposed method were 1.27×104, 6.33×104, 1.91×103, 1.76×103, 3.11×103 and 7.52×103t of SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, HC and CO, respectively.
According to the results of comparison with traditional power models, the total emissions from ocean going vessels (OGVs) in the sailing mode was 89% and 104% of those using Propeller Law and Admiralty Law power models, respectively. These differences were greater for NOx than for other pollutant species and also greater for bulk carriers and tankers than for other subtypes of vessels.
Although the proposed improved load-factor-based power model still has some uncertainties, it is believed to be worth employing to estimate regional ship emissions inventories in the future, because it can accurately estimate ship emissions inventories by analyzing the impact of hull shape on ship resistance with few ship parameters.
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Jo Oct 28, 2025
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on organic–inorganic lead halide are attracting a great deal of attention as next generation solar cells due to their simple manufacture, large absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, high carrier mobility and high efficiency. Despite these advantages, PSCs are low in stability. Therefore, research efforts are being devoted to solving this problem and commercializing PSCs.
Stability in PSCs is that of perovskite minerals. Ionic liquids are being used to increase the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Ionic liquids not only help to enlarge the grain size of perovskite due to their high thermal stability and low volatility, but also passivate the defects on the perovskite surface, thus increasing the stability and efficiency.
Based on this fact, Ri Chun Il, a researcher at the Faculty of Chemical Engineering, has improved the stability of PSCs by using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate (EMIMTCB).
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the three-layer-structured PSCs fabricated using this ionic liquid was 13.8% to the maximum.
If further information is needed, please refer to his paper “Improving stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells by 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetracyanoborate ionic liquid” in “Journal of Saudi Chemical Society” (SCI).
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Jo Oct 27, 2025
During oil extraction, the permeability of reservoir changes due to the decrease in the pressure of reservoir and the increase in effective stress. Many researchers have studied the stress sensitivity of reservoir, and reservoir models taking it into account.
Previous researchers considered the influence of stress sensitivity and elastic outer boundary on the flow characteristics of fluids in reservoirs, and solved problems by considering stress sensitivity and elastic outer boundary conditions when analyzing the flow characteristics. However, they failed to analyze the stress sensitivity and elastic outer boundary conditions at the same time, so there are still errors in well test analyses.
Han Song Guk, a researcher at the Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, has developed a well test analysis model of a dual-porosity reservoir with stress sensitivity and elastic outer boundary conditions in simultaneous consideration, and obtained its solution.
Based on the consideration of stress sensitivity and elastic outer boundary conditions, he first formulated a seepage differential equation in the dual-porosity reservoir considering wellbore storage and skin factor, and defined dimensionless variables to facilitate the derivation of the solution. This mathematical model is strong in nonlinearity, so he applied the Pedrosa’s transformation and perturbation transformation to eliminate the nonlinearity of the model. Then, he performed the Laplace transformation to obtain an analytical solution of the well test model in the dual-porosity reservoir considering elastic outer boundary and stress sensitivity in the Laplace space, and applied the Laplace numerical inversion to obtain dimensionless pressure and pressure derivative model curve in the wellbore.
For more details, please refer to his paper “Analysis of Fluid Flow Characteristics for Stress-Sensitivity Dual-Porosity Reservoir considering Elastic Outer Boundary” in “Journal of Clinical Research and Reports” (SCI).
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Jo Oct 26, 2025
Operating characteristics and lifetime of blast furnaces depend on the cooling capacity of copper staves installed on the furnace wall. An oxygen blasting furnace is a furnace that produces iron by using anthracite and oxygen as a fuel. The structure and operating characteristics of the furnace are different from those of a coke furnace, so the structure and working conditions of the copper stave installed on the furnace wall of oxygen blasting furnaces are also different from those of coke furnaces.
Oxygen blasting furnaces have a constant height of liquid slag of 1500–1700℃ inside, so the temperature of their upper parts is also high, unlike coke furnaces. Therefore, oxygen blast furnaces should be designed to use copper with high thermal conductivity as stave material, and the structure of the copper stave should also be designed to enhance cooling capacity. In the copper pipe-mounted casting method, the cooling water is injected through the inside of copper pipe to prevent the melting of the copper pipe by hot copper solution. If the cooling capacity of cooling water is too high, fine gaps can be produced between the copper pipe surface and stave body. These micro-gaps are responsible for lowering the thermal conductivity and reducing the cooling capacity of copper stave.
To ensure normal operation of oxygen blasting furnaces and increase their lifetime, Choe Kyong Chol, a section head at the Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, has newly designed the structure of a wall copper stave, evaluated its cooling capacity and developed a casting process of the newly designed wall stave.
He determined the external dimension and wall thickness of the wall copper stave for a 20m2 oxygen blasting furnace as 910mm×645mm×90mm and 25mm, respectively. The inlet diameter and length of the cooling water passing region are determined as ϕ70mm and 220mm, respectively.
For more details, please refer to his paper “COOLING CAPACITY EVALUATION AND OPTIMAL CASTING PROCESS DESIGN OF CORE-MOUNTED COPPER STAVE FOR 20m2 OXYGEN BLASTING FURNACE BASED ON SIMULATION RESULTS” in “International Journal of Metalcasting” (SCI).
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Jo Oct 24, 2025
Powerline noise is a severe interference source in urban or mine transient electromagnetic (TEM) surveys. TEM systems generally adopt the synchronous detection scheme to suppress powerline noise. However, considerable powerline noise residue still remains even after synchronous detection when the powerline frequency fluctuates differing from its nominal value (50/60Hz).
In order to solve this problem, Jang Chol Jin, a researcher at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology, has proposed a quantitative suppression method for powerline noise taking into account the instability of powerline frequency. The method is based on the adjustment of base frequency and optimal choice of stacking-times.
He mathematically represented a sufficient condition for powerline noise suppression by synchronous detection. It consists of two equations; one is related to base frequency and the other is connected with stacking-times. He first derived the mathematical relationship between frequency estimation accuracy and residual noise amplitude and stacking-times. Based on it, he developed an efficient algorithm to determine the optimal stacking-times. The algorithm takes as input the powerline noise estimates and the noise tolerance limit. By adjusting base frequency and determining the optimal stacking-times, he reduced the powerline noise residue after synchronous detection to below the desired tolerance limit.
The experimental results show that the method achieves quantitative suppression of unsteady powerline noise and prevents measurement time loss due to excessive stacking without any damage to effective signals.
You can find the details in his paper “Quantitative suppression of unsteady powerline noise in transient electromagnetic surveys: Adjustment of base-frequency and optimal choice of stacking-times” in “Review of Scientific Instruments” (SCI).
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