Jo Sep 27, 2022
A research group led by Choe Kwang Hyok, an institute head at the Faculty of Shipbuilding and Ocean Engineering, has developed a wave power device for providing power of a navigation and marking buoy.
The device is a floating WAB (wave activated body) and it consists of a point absorber, power take-off (PTO) of a wave energy converter, an electric generator, etc.
The point absorber consists of a floating body, a spar and a heave plate.
The floating body is heaved on wave surfaces and the spar is a relatively fixed body by a mooring system. The heave plate is strongly connected with the spar and it can effectively improve the heave response of the device by providing additional damping and added mass.
When the wave power device is on the water surface, the floating buoy and spar oscillate up and down vertically due to the wave. At that time, the link attached to the floating buoy moves up and down by relative amplitude differences occurring in the amplitude and phase of two buoys and the alternating motion of the link changes into rotary motion through the specially designed chain driving device.
The rotary motion of the chain driving device increases up to the rated rotary velocity of the generator and it is transmitted to the generator through the multiplying gear (1:3) and the belt (1:3), which generates power of up to 100w at the wave height 0.2~1m.
The diameters of the floating buoy, the spar and the heave plate are 1.2m, 0.3m, 1m respectively and the whole mass is 980kg.
The wave power device can be utilized to supply power not only to navigation and marking buoys, but also to other measuring and monitoring devices on the sea.
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Jo Sep 25, 2022
A research team led by Kim Pyong Hun, a section head at the General Assay Office, has developed an electrolytes analyzer whereby a rapid analysis of the concentration of ionic electrolytes in human serum is made by using selective ionic electrodes.
The electrolytes analyzer is a medical analytical instrument used to diagnose several diseases by rapidly determining the concentrations of ionic electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, chloride and calcium and pH in serum or urine.
It consists of power supply unit, sample injection unit, detection unit, waste disposal unit, etc.
The power supply unit supplies power to the signal amplifier and the controller. The sample injection unit has a sample injection needle which injects samples, and a switching valve which selects necessary liquor such as calibration solutions, elution solutions, activation solutions for electrodes, etc. The detection unit has six electrodes, that is, a potassium ionic selective electrode, a sodium ionic selective electrode, a chloride ionic selective electrode, a calcium ionic selective electrode, a pH electrode and a reference electrode. The waste disposal unit has a peristaltic pump for drainage and a box for wastes.
The application range of the electrolytes analyzer is 0.5~15.0mmol/L for potassium, 30.0~200.0 mmol/L for sodium, 20.0~200.0 mmol/L for chloride, 0.10~6.00 mmol/L for calcium and pH 4.00~9.00.
The CV of the electrolytes analyzer is ≤1.5% for potassium, sodium and chloride and ≤2.0% for calcium and pH.
The operation conditions are 220V, 170 W, 5~35℃ temperature and ≤65% humidity.
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Jo Sep 23, 2022
Ro Won Myong, a lecturer at the Faculty of Applied Mathematics, has investigated necessary optimality conditions and a numerical method for solving variable-order fractional optimal control problems where the final time and state are simultaneously free and the dynamic system is described as a binomial variable-order fractional differential equation containing variable-order fractional derivatives in the sense of Caputo. These problems have been the focus of fractional order differential equations and their applications.
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Jo Sep 21, 2022
Digital watermarking is being widely applied in various fields such as copyright protection of paintings, music, movies and documents together with broadcast monitoring, transaction tracking, copy protection and ownership authentication nowadays when digital multimedia is rapidly spread through the Internet.
Recently, the most actively studied digital watermarking covers image watermarking, document watermarking and video watermarking. In particular, image watermarking holds a high proportion.
Image watermarking can be divided into several kinds according to representation, embedding domain and objectives of applications ― visible watermarking and invisible watermarking from the aspect of representation; spatial domain watermarking and transformed domain watermarking according to embedding domain; robust watermarking and fragile watermarking for objectives of applications.
There are several indicators of the performance of watermarking including imperceptibility, robustness, capacity, security and computational complexity. In particular, imperceptibility and robustness are the two major features that are trade off, so a number of studies for an effective solution to it have been conducted.
Among them are approaches to raise imperceptibility by embedding watermarks into regions with the lowest human visual characteristics, approaches to get the highest robustness under given imperceptibility levels and approaches to solve single object optimization problems of empirical weighted imperceptibility and robustness by advanced evolutionary algorithms. However, all these have several drawbacks since they cannot correspond properly to arbitrary images and every attack.
Son Chol Min, a researcher at the Faculty of Applied Mathematics, selected blocks with lower human visual characteristics and embedded watermarks into their DC-transformed domains so as to raise imperceptibility. On the basis of it, he has presented a design method of an optimal blind watermarking algorithm which guarantees the highest imperceptibility and robustness for arbitrary images and against any types of attacks by solving multi-objective optimization problems between imperceptibility and robustness based on MOEA/D.
The simulation results showed that the imperceptibility of images watermarked by the proposed method was very high and this method outperforms previous ones in terms of robustness against various attacks.
You can find detailed information about this in his paper “Design of Optimal Blind Watermarking Technique based on MOEA/D” presented to the SCI Journal “IET Image Processing”.
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Jo Sep 20, 2022
A shell and tube heat exchanger among a variety of heat exchangers is still widely used in many industrial applications as it has several advantages like a long working life, simple manufacture and wide operation range.
In multi-channel systems like the shell and tube heat exchanger, flow distributions significantly affect their performance and lifetime. Uniform distribution is commonly assumed in designing conventional heat exchangers, but flow maldistribution may be an inevitable occurrence in practice. In particular, flow distribution in the tube-side of the SSTHX with axial connections of bonnet nozzles is extremely non-uniform.
Therefore, numerical and experimental studies on flow distributions of the shell and tube heat exchangers have been widely carried out.
In particular, many attempts have been made for flow uniformity in multi-channel systems by means of different geometry of headers or manifolds. Most studies tended to be focused on shell-side flows due to their complexity in shell and tube heat exchangers. What is difficult in numerical studies on heat exchangers is that their geometries with lots of channels cannot be modeled as it is. One way to solve it is to model tube bundles as porous media. The most important problem is to determine porous medium parameters accurately. In most references, they were obtained by empirical correlations.
Various baffles have been proposed to improve velocity distributions and heat transfers of heat exchangers.
However, few researchers have addressed the problems concerning the tube-side flow of the shell and tube heat exchanger.
It should be noted that most studies have been focused on limited regime like laminar flow or turbulent flow.
Pak Sin Myong, a researcher at the Faculty of Heat Engineering, has clarified that introduction of new header baffles makes it possible to uniformalize dramatically flow distribution in the tube-side of SSTHX. He has also modeled tube bundles as porous media as they have lots of tubes, and he has obtained porous media parameters through CFD simulation for one isolated channel.
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Jo Sep 18, 2022
Recently, with the development of nanotechnology, it has become possible to change the size and the shape of nanoparticles, so a lot of investigations are being conducted into the optical properties of various shaped nanogold and semiconductor quantum dots. The properties are affected by their associate structure and a core-shell structure has been the main focus of most investigations. However, the optical property of a semiconductor quantum dot aqueous solution that contains nanogold has not been discussed.
While Discrete Dipole Approximation(DDA) and Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD) methods are widely used in the optical property simulation of nanoparticles, Mie theory is employed in the simulation of the scattering property of various shaped nanoparticles.
Ri Myong Il, a researcher at the Faculty of Physical Engineering, has chemically prepared an aqueous solution of CdTe quantum dots with gold nanoparticles and measured its absorption and scattering spectra. On the basis of it, he has simulated the scattering property of this composite material by combining Mie theory with FDTD method.
The aqueous solution of CdTe quantum dots (3nm in diameter) with gold nanoparticles (30nm in diameter) was prepared by the chemical crystal growth method. The scattering property of the aqueous solution of CdTe quantum dots with gold nanoparticles was simulated by the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method and it was verified by an absorption spectrophotometer.The results showed that compared with a pure aqueous solution of CdTe quantum dots, it has stronger absorption and scattering spectra, that is, 1.5 times higher in scattering intensity. Therefore, it is concluded that aqueous solutions of CdTe quantum dots with gold nanoparticles can be widlely used in the fields of medicine and optics.
More information can be found in his paper “Scattering Property of Aqueous Solution of CdTe Quantum dots with Gold Nanoparticles” presented to the SCI Journal “Optics Communications”.
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